Daily Archives: December 2, 2006

Litvinenko Update: KGB Targeted him as Early as 2002

The buzz among the Russophile propagandists is that Vladimir Putin wouldn’t order hits on Gaidar or Litvinenko because he has too little to gain and too much to lose. By that logic, George Bush didn’t invade Iraq or misrepresent the presence of WMD. This neo-Soviet canard falls utterly flat and not only, or even mostly, because it’s what the KGB itself is saying (although for that reason alone it should be instantly rejected). What did Putin have to gain, compared to what he had to lose, when he sent hundreds of thousands of assault rifles to Venezuela’s dictator and nuclear technology (plus missiles to defend it) to Iran over U.S. and European embargos? What did he have to gain when he attacked Chechnya? What does he have to gain by obliterating the election of local officials, the independence of television news and opposition political parties? For that matter, what did the Russian people possibly have to gain by electing a proud KGB spy in the first place? Yet, all these things were done, no matter now “irrational” they might seem. Given the Soviet legacy, it’s more than clear that all these actions are highly detrimental to the country and fatal to its image and respect in the West. And is it really to be expected that the West would rise up and sanction Putin, assuming he was proved to have given the order to kill these Russian patriot? After all, given the craven behavior of the West so far in dealing with the neo-Soviet state, what specific reason could Putin possibly have for thinking that any tangible actions would be taken even if he were caught red handed?

In fact, of course, Putin is a weak autocrat in an impoverished country. Just like OBL, Putin needs to base his power on terror, and he needs to silence credible opposition. He achieves both these goals by killing Litvinenko and Gaidar (and Politkovskaya). Russia has been taking self-destructive actions in furtherance of its crazed autocracy for time out of mind. And don’t underestimate the power of Putin’s KGB spymaster desire for revenge. It motivated his attack on Chechnya, and it explains his hatred of Litvenenko (KGB traitor) and Gaidar (destroyer of the Soviet Union) as well.

That’s to say nothing of how bizarre it is that these Russophile wackos think they have a deep insight into what goes on behind closed doors in the Kremlin, that they know Putin’s calculus of self-interest. As if. These crazies attack “russophobes” for “paranoia” in blaming the Kremlin, but they themselves have no problem in seeing massive conspiracies led by exiled oligarch Boris Berezovsky.

And, in fact, perhaps it’s more comforting to think that Putin ordered these killings than that he didn’t. At least if he did, that means somebody is in charge and we know who that somebody is. If people in Russia can get hold of radioactive weapons and use them without Putin’s direct authority, then Putin is nothing but camouflage for the real evil power that dwells within the Kremlin, one we have yet to even see.

There’s a sublime irony here: Putin said that there WERE no “rogue elements” in the KGB when the Moscow apartment buildings exploded. Now he’s hoist with his own petard and, if he was right then, must take full responsibility for these killings.

Meanwhile, reader Jeremy Putley points to an story in yesterday’s Guardian that reports on a “secret hit squad” that began targeting Litvinenko and Berezovsky as early as 2002:

Detectives are investigating letters smuggled out of Russia purporting to show the existence of a secret squad set up to target poisoned spy Alexander Litvinenko and others. Scotland Yard has been passed copies of two letters apparently penned in jail by former Russian intelligence officer Mikhail Trepashkin, in one of which Mr Litvinenko is warned that both he and his family are at risk. Mr Litvinenko’s London friend Alex Goldfarb said scans of the letters came into his possession on Thursday and he passed them to Scotland Yard. Mr Trepashkin, who worked for the KGB’s successor the FSB until 1997, was tried in 2004, accused of being a British spy and passing secret information to Mr Litvinenko and his close friend the tycoon Boris Berezovsky, both exiled in London. Mr Litvinenko, who died a week ago from radiation poisoning, believed he had been murdered for criticising Russian president Vladimir Putin. A special post-mortem examination is taking place on his body at the Royal London Hospital. Traces of the radioactive substance polonium 210, which was found in a sample of Mr Litvinenko’s urine, have since been detected at 12 sites, including British Airways planes. The letters include one to Mr Litvinenko which he never received, as well as one to his friend Mr Goldfarb. In the message to Mr Litvinenko on November 20, Mr Trepashkin recalls a conversation in August 2002 in which he warned Mr Litvinenko – already living in London – that he and his family were at risk from the FSB. Mr Trepashkin tells his friend that he had met an FSB contact near a railway station in Russia who told him that a “very serious group” had been set up, which “will knock out all those associated with Berezovsky and Litvinenko”. The letter says that Mr Trepashkin was urged to co-operate with the group and provide information on Mr Litvinenko and members of his family. Mr Goldfarb said the other letter, addressed to him and written on November 25, detailed an offer to be a witness in the British investigation. Mr Goldfarb, who says that he can attest to the authenticity of the handwriting, said he had immediately passed the letters to police. Scotland Yard said that it could not confirm specific details on the investigation.This continues to be an extremely complex investigation and detectives are pursuing many lines of inquiries,” a spokesman said, adding: “I think it is significant because it shows that there was an FSB group set up back in 2002 that targeted Litvinenko and Berezovsky.”

In another development, many sources including ABC News Online are reporting that Litvinenko’s companion Mario Scaramella, an Italian who met the Russian at a London sushi restaurant on November 1, the day he fell ill, has also been contaminated with radioactive poisoning. ABC reports as well that “Britain has also faced a major challenge to reassure the public after traces of radiation were found at 12 sites and aboard planes, which have carried more than 33,000 passengers in the past month, many flying between London and Moscow.”

And the AP is reporting that a London hotel had to be evacuated as police continue to find traces of radiactivity as the try to follow its trail to the killers. Here we see the neo-Soviet disregard for the value of human life displayed in all its horror. Why do they feel they can act with impunity? Have we given them reason to think differently?

The Miserable Moscow Metro

The Moscow Times reports on the horrors of Russia’s creaking subway system, vividly illustrated in the above YouTube video. Moscow’s stylish metro, with trains arriving every few seconds it seemed, used to be one of Russia’s only unambiguously great achievements. Now, under neo-Soviet rule, that too is going the way of the dodo.

It’s 8:30 a.m. on a weekday at Vykhino metro station, and the platform is five deep as people wait for the train.

As the commuter crowd continues to pour onto the platform in the southeastern outskirts of Moscow, a scuffle breaks out between a woman pushing a baby carriage and another woman as they try to get through the same turnstile. A moment later, a man rushes onto the platform and tries to violently push and shove his way past people to get to the arriving train.

Welcome to another typical, tense, overcrowded day on the Moscow metro, the busiest metro in the world. Built to carry 5 million passengers per day, it now carries close to 9 million, and is feeling the strain.

Traffic jams on the streets have become a daily part of Moscow life, and it is no better below the ground.

“It is heavily overloaded,” said Nikolai Shumakov, the metro’s chief engineer. “Before, there was a rush hour. Now the rush hour lasts from 5 in the morning to late at night.”

The metro opens at 5:30 a.m. and closes at 1 a.m.

Even with trains coming at 30-second intervals in the morning, commuters often have to wait for three or four trains to pass before they are able to get on a train at some Moscow metro stations.

“It’s getting worse and worse,” said Yelena Rybkina, 37, a financial consultant, as she prepared to make her daily journey from Savyolovskaya to Baumanskaya. “People are becoming ruder and ruder. There is a lot less patience.”

With 12 lines and 172 stations covering 278.8 kilometers, the metro cannot boast being the biggest in the world. But it is the busiest, with 2.6 billion passengers last year. New York has the most stations (478), and London has the most track (408 kilometers).

Moscow’s busiest lines are the orange line, Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya, and the purple line, Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya, both of which carried more than 1.3 million passengers a day last year. By comparison, the dark-blue line, Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya, carried less than half that number.

As Moscow’s population has grown from 8.8 million in 1990 to 12 million today — with 2 million to 3 million people commuting from the Moscow region every day — so has the number of passengers using the metro. Crowds are the largest between 8 a.m. and 9 a.m. on weekdays, when 920,000 passengers were crammed in the metro at one time last year. The other rush hour is from 6 p.m. to 7 p.m., when 828,000 million passengers were in the system. At least 400,000 passengers are in the metro at any given time between 7 a.m. and 8 p.m.

The London Underground carried 2.67 million passengers a day in 2004 and 2005.

The busiest metro stations in Moscow are those on the periphery such as VDNKh, Kuzminki, Novogireyevo, Rechnoi Vokzal, Tushinskaya, Shchyolkovskaya and Yugo-Zapadnaya. All these stations are end points for the suburban trains and buses that flood into the city every day from the Moscow region.

Kitai-Gorod, which links the orange and the purple lines, is the busiest in the city center, with 100,000 to 150,000 passengers every day, according to metro figures.

“The metro can’t survive,” Shumakov said, adding that 100 to 150 kilometers of new lines are needed to relieve congestion.

Metro management has introduced trains with more cars on some lines in mornings to alleviate the problem, but believes that vast expansion, which will include a second circle line, is needed. The city of Moscow has earmarked 15 billion rubles ($570 million) in funding for next year. But with one kilometer of metro costing between $30,000 and $70,000 to construct and less than three kilometers built in 2005, the ambitious expansion program could take years to complete.

Some city officials are reluctant to admit they have a problem.

“Nearly 10 million people travel, and the metro copes and does not create problems for passengers,” said Maria Potsenko, spokeswoman for the city’s department of transport and communications.

Anyone traveling in the center, though, is witness to daily scenes where platforms, escalators and connecting passages between metro lines seem to be overwhelmed with people. Photographs of the swarms of people packing metro stations are popular on local blog sites.

A new city plan to build parking lots on the edge of city to reduce road traffic will likely exacerbate the problem as people resort to public transportation.

Furthermore, the city can build as many new stations as it wants, but that will not decrease the number of people traveling in the city center.

“You can’t increase the inside of the metro. You can’t make another two or three levels,” said Oleg Bely, head of the Institute of Transport Problems in St. Petersburg.

Moscow’s metro problems can only be solved if the public and private transportation system is integrated and coordinated as a whole, Bely said. The city should place a priority on public transportation, ensuring the swift movement of trams, buses and metro, he said.

Potsenko, the City Hall spokeswoman, said the city does have an integrated transportation strategy, a 500-page document that will introduce special bus lanes in some streets. Recently, Mayor Yury Luzhkov suggested moving the start of city employees’ working day from 9 a.m. to 7 a.m. to relieve congestion.

Bely refused to comment on the transportation strategy, saying: “You can go out on the street and see it for yourself.”

He noted, though, that London is returning trams to the city, while Moscow is removing them. Tramlines on Leningradsky Prospekt were torn up last year. He said trams would have to return, because they are one of the most efficient means of public transportation.

Special bus lanes also need to be created to give people an incentive to leave their cars, Bely said.

“You have your own car, but you know that it is more comfortable and quicker on public transportation,” he said.

Back in the metro car from Vykhino, the doors open at Kuzminki and a horde pushes and shoves its way in. Two men start swearing at each other, but there is no room for a fight. Instead they are squashed together, and their faces remain a few angry centimeters apart.

The Mailbag

Letters, oh we get letters, we get lots of cards and letters every day . . .

Herein, La Russophobe dips into her e-mail bag to answer a frequently asked question.

Dear LR,

It seems to me that you ought to call yourself “La Sovietophobe” rather than “La Russophobe.” It’s clear to me that you have affection for Russians and, compared to an average person, a detailed knowledge of their culure, history and politics. It’s not Russians you hate, it’s Soviets. In fact, you’re trying to save Russians from Soviets. So why not call yourself La Sovietophobe?

Very truly yours,

Inquiring Questioner

Here are La Russophobe‘s Top 10 reasons, I.Q., for not calling herself a “sovietophobe.” Feedback from readers is welcome in the comments section or by email.

10
“Sovietophobe” doesn’t come trippingly off the tongue. It lacks poetry. Actually, to be technically correct it would have to be “neo-Sovietophobe” and that’s just silly.

9
“Sovietophobe” isn’t a perfect trap for the unwary Russophile idiot, who condemns you for judging Russia too harshly while judging you based on nothing more than your name. Another wonderful little trap is when such a person calls you a “racist,” ignoring the fact that “Russian” is a nationality, not a race, and betraying their own racism.

8
There aren’t any people who actually call themselves “Soviets” . . . yet.

7
One conceivably could destroy all that is Soviet in Russia without putting the country on the path to happiness. Many think there’s a good deal of fascism to be found in Russia today, for instance, and there’s certainly a dearth of economic equality such as the Soviets were striving for. The term “neo-Soviet” implies all that was bad in the USSR plus some new bad stuff.

6
Nobody knows what a “sovietophobe” means. “Russophobe” means somebody who hates what’s going on in Russia and blames the people for it. We can live with that.

5
“Russophobe” is a highly urgent term which aptly encapsulates the emergency that we face in Russia today.

4
Howard Stern. Rush Limbaugh. Don Imus. Think they’re not “serious” enough to solve the “Russia problem”? Well, how far have all the “serious” folks got us so far? A problem doesn’t get solved when nobody’s talking about it, and those guys get people talking. Just look how the egghead liberal democrats are trying to copy them with “Air America.”

3
If you think changing the name would make it more likely that the neo-Soviet Union will end sooner rather than later, put your money where your mouth is. Lay an offer on the table. You want something from La Russophobe? What are you prepared to do for her in return?

2
Barry Goldwater said: “Extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice.” The name sends the clear message to the apologists for Russian dictatorship that there will be a harsh price to pay for disseminating lies and propaganda injurious to world democracy.

1
“Sovietophobe” tends to deflect and dilute the responsiblity of the Russian people for their situation. Don’t forget: The main reason La Russophobe hates Russians is because they are destroying themselves, in particular their innocent children. Russians are doing that, not Soviets. After all, the root cause of Sovietism is Russians, just as the root cause of crime is criminals. If Russians want to shut La Russophobe up, all they have to do is stop failing.

Kasyanov Calls for Election Boycott

Reuters reports that former Prime Minister and future presidential candidate Mikhail Kasyanov has called for a boycott of next year’s Duma elections in order to galvanize oposition in the runup to the 2008 presidential ballot:

Russia’s opposition should boycott next year’s parliamentary election because it is set to be an “imitation of democracy”, opposition leader and former prime minister Mikhail Kasyanov told Reuters on Thursday.

Kasyanov — expected to be the liberal opposition’s main challenger in a 2008 presidential election — said the Kremlin under President Vladimir Putin was preparing to manipulate the parliamentary vote so only parties loyal to it win seats.

The December 2007 election to the lower house of parliament is seen as a dress rehearsal for the presidential race, when Putin is to step down, and a litmus test of whether the Kremlin is prepared to allow a truly democratic vote.

“If the elections were tomorrow, I do not think there is a reason to simply participate in some kind of imitation of democratic processes. That would be my recommendation to political forces right now,” Kasyanov said in an interview.

“We still have time before the parliamentary elections but taking into account the environment we have now, … real, independent political parties should ultimately come to the conclusion that there is no possibility for free and fair elections and for them there is no chance to get in (to parliament),” he said.

Any boycott would be embarrassing for the Kremlin, which is already under fire from rights groups and Western governments which say it is rolling back democratic reforms, an accusation Putin has denied.

The death in London from poisoning of former Russian spy and Kremlin critic Alexander Litvinenko has put Putin under renewed international scrutiny. Putin has dismissed Litvinenko’s death-bed accusation that the Kremlin wanted him dead.

Kasyanov, who was sacked by Putin in 2004 and now heads a political movement called the Popular Democratic Union, does not speak for all of Russia’s liberal opposition.

But as their most heavyweight candidate in the presidential elections his view on a boycott is significant. The Yabloko party, which is in the same camp as Kasyanov, has already said it is actively considering a boycott.

Speaking in his suite of offices that occupies the top floor of a skyscraper overlooking southern Moscow, 48-year-old Kasyanov said he still planned to run for president.

He said despite a growing economy, many voters were “fed up” with official corruption, rising prices and curbs on democracy. He said he hoped Kremlin leaders too would realise Russia was heading in the wrong direction.

“They are also people,” Kasyanov said in fluent English. “That’s why I aim for the scenario when the authorities will understand that the only chance for everyone is free and fair elections.”

Putin’s opponents say that in the 2007 parliamentary vote, the Kremlin will use its tight grip on the media, bureaucratic muscle and new election rules to thwart genuine opposition parties.

Critics say the only parties that will win seats in 2007 are either openly loyal to the Kremlin or are masquerading as opposition groups but in fact take their orders from the Kremlin.

Russia’s liberal opposition favours closer ties with the West and market reforms. Their leaders are feted in the West but they are marginalised at home, where Putin’s brand of tough, patriotic politics is hugely popular.

AEI Analyzes Russia

The American Enterprise Institute has a lengthy analysis of Russia by its resident Russia scholar Leon Aron, who states: “Is Russia Going Backward? That was the question posed by the title of an article that I completed in late August 2004 and published in the October 2004 Commentary. My qualified answer was no.” But now, two years later, he is forced to eat his words: “By now, however, it has become evident that Putin is taking Russia in a direction not only unmistakably different from the one pursued by Yeltsin but, in many regards, its opposite. For the United States no less than for the Russian people, this turn of events carries profoundly unsettling implications. Not only is the survival of Russian democracy at stake, but so too is Russia’s reliability as a key oil producer and as an actor in the world.” Click through to read the whole thing.

AEI has a second piece by scholar David Frum entitled “Putin’s enemies have a nasty habit: dying.” He writes:

Alexander Litvinenko, who died horribly in a London hospital on Thursday, is only the latest critic of Russian President Vladimir Putin to meet a brutal death.

On October 7, another critic, the journalist Anna Politkovskaya was gunned down in the lobby of her Moscow apartment building. Two years earlier, in July 2004, the U.S. journalist Paul Klebnikov was murdered as he emerged from the offices of the Russian edition of Forbes magazine. These killings and many others are linked to the deepest mystery of the Russian state. The mystery is the rise of Vladimir Putin.

In 1998, Vladimir Putin was named head of the Russian secret police, the KGB, now renamed the FSB. In August 1999, a desperately unpopular Boris Yeltsin named Putin prime minister of Russia–the fifth prime minister in less than 18 months. There seemed little reason to expect Putin to last any longer than his predecessors.

Then the bombs started going off. The first bomb hit a Moscow mall on August 31, 1999, killing one person and wounding 40. Five more bombs followed over the next 17 days, striking apartment buildings in Moscow and in southern Russia. Nearly 300 people were killed.

Prime Minister Putin blamed Chechen separatists, and ordered Russian troops to reconquer the province, which had won de facto independence in a bloody war from 1994 to 1996. This time, Russian arms won more success. Putin called a snap parliamentary election in December, 1999, and his supporters won the largest bloc of seats in Parliament.

On December 31, 1999, president Yeltsin resigned. Prime Minister Putin succeeded as acting president. He granted Yeltsin and his family immunity from prosecution on corruption charges and shifted Russia’s next presidential election–originally scheduled for the fall of 2000–forward to March. Putin won handily.

Next he acted to reduce the power of the provinces, to renationalize private enterprise, and to close independent media outlets. Backed this time by the full power of the state and state-controlled media, Putin won 71 percent of the vote in the 2004 presidential election.

Despite Putin’s enormous personal power, however, questions still linger about the means by which he won it. In addition to the six bombs that went off in September 1999, there was a seventh that did not detonate. On September 22, 1999, local police in the city of Ryazan discovered sacks of explosives in the basement of an apartment house. They found something else, too: a record at the local phone company of a phone call to one of the would-be bombers. The call originated at the FSB offices in Moscow.

After a two-day pause, the FSB explained that Ryazan police had stumbled across an FSB training exercise. The FSB took charge of the investigation, declared the sacks harmless, and quietly closed the case the week after Putin’s election to the Russian presidency.

Meanwhile, the war in Chechnya weltered on bloodily. Most Russian journalists got the message that it was better for their health to focus on other subjects–but not Anna Politkovskaya. Despite an attempted poisoning in 2004, she filed story after story about human rights abuses by Russian forces and the Putin-installed pro-Russian government in Chechnya. At the time of her death, she claimed to have found evidence of state-ordered torture in Chechnya. Any such evidence has now vanished: All her files and computers were seized by police investigating her death.

There is a Chechen link to the Klebnikov killing, too. At the time of his death, Klebnikov had been working on a story about the theft by Russian officials of funds for the reconstruction of Chechnya. In May, 2006, a Russian jury acquitted the two men indicted for Klebnikov’s murder. By remarkable coincidence, the same jury had previously acquitted the same two men for killing one of Klebnikov’s most important sources, a former deputy prime minister in the pro-Russian Chechen government.

As for Alexander Litvinenko, his offense was to have published in 2002 a book arguing that the September 1999 bombings were orchestrated by the FSB to bring Putin to power.

Measured by the number of stories posted and published in the world’s English-language media (5,000 and counting as of Friday afternoon), the assassination of Pierre Gemayel in Lebanon was the week’s top story. And yet in one way at least there is nothing very surprising about this story: Gemayel’s probable killers are the rulers of Syria, an officially designated state sponsor of terrorism.

Vladimir Putin’s Russia, by contrast, is a member of the G8, a veto-wielder at the United Nations Security Council, an honored participant in international summits and conferences.

If this supposed ally in the War on Terror is being run by assassins and bombers, isn’t that a fact that deserves attention–to put it mildly?

Razorlight: Ain’t Gonna Play Neo-Soviet City Either

The Star Online reports that Russian corruption has struck again. First it was Eric Clapton, now Razorlight:

Razorlight has cancelled a show in Moscow, Russia last week due to some government interference.

The group was due to perform at the Railway Department venue in Moscow last Friday, but pulled out at the last minute.

It was reported that the band was asked to hand over a certain amount of money to obtain the necessary permits.

“The permits were denied because, allegedly, in order for the gig to go ahead the ‘government’ required a further ‘permit’ costing an astronomical amount of cash,” a statement from concert promoters said.

Razorlight: Ain’t Gonna Play Neo-Soviet City Either

The Star Online reports that Russian corruption has struck again. First it was Eric Clapton, now Razorlight:

Razorlight has cancelled a show in Moscow, Russia last week due to some government interference.

The group was due to perform at the Railway Department venue in Moscow last Friday, but pulled out at the last minute.

It was reported that the band was asked to hand over a certain amount of money to obtain the necessary permits.

“The permits were denied because, allegedly, in order for the gig to go ahead the ‘government’ required a further ‘permit’ costing an astronomical amount of cash,” a statement from concert promoters said.

Razorlight: Ain’t Gonna Play Neo-Soviet City Either

The Star Online reports that Russian corruption has struck again. First it was Eric Clapton, now Razorlight:

Razorlight has cancelled a show in Moscow, Russia last week due to some government interference.

The group was due to perform at the Railway Department venue in Moscow last Friday, but pulled out at the last minute.

It was reported that the band was asked to hand over a certain amount of money to obtain the necessary permits.

“The permits were denied because, allegedly, in order for the gig to go ahead the ‘government’ required a further ‘permit’ costing an astronomical amount of cash,” a statement from concert promoters said.

Razorlight: Ain’t Gonna Play Neo-Soviet City Either

The Star Online reports that Russian corruption has struck again. First it was Eric Clapton, now Razorlight:

Razorlight has cancelled a show in Moscow, Russia last week due to some government interference.

The group was due to perform at the Railway Department venue in Moscow last Friday, but pulled out at the last minute.

It was reported that the band was asked to hand over a certain amount of money to obtain the necessary permits.

“The permits were denied because, allegedly, in order for the gig to go ahead the ‘government’ required a further ‘permit’ costing an astronomical amount of cash,” a statement from concert promoters said.

Razorlight: Ain’t Gonna Play Neo-Soviet City Either

The Star Online reports that Russian corruption has struck again. First it was Eric Clapton, now Razorlight:

Razorlight has cancelled a show in Moscow, Russia last week due to some government interference.

The group was due to perform at the Railway Department venue in Moscow last Friday, but pulled out at the last minute.

It was reported that the band was asked to hand over a certain amount of money to obtain the necessary permits.

“The permits were denied because, allegedly, in order for the gig to go ahead the ‘government’ required a further ‘permit’ costing an astronomical amount of cash,” a statement from concert promoters said.

Estonia Outlaws Sovietism

The Beeb reports that Russia is “shocked, shocked” to learn that Estonians feel Soviet symbols are just as horrifying as Nazi symbols:

A Russian foreign ministry spokesman said it was “blasphemous” to equate the hammer and sickle with Nazi emblems.

The Estonian government has put a bill before parliament calling for fines or jail terms of up to three years for those who display such symbols.

Estonia was occupied by the Nazis in World War II and then ruled by Moscow for five decades.

Russia denies the Soviet years amounted to an “occupation” of Estonia.

War veterans in the large Russian minority in Estonia often wave red Soviet flags when marking Soviet-era anniversaries.

The Baltic republic became independent in 1991 and is a member of both Nato and the EU.

Russian Foreign Ministry spokesman Mikhail Kamynin said on Thursday that “recently the Estonian side has been obstinately taking provocative steps aimed at seriously aggravating our relations”.

“The Estonian authorities are continuing their blasphemous attempts to rewrite the history, bracketing Nazi crimes with the feat of the Soviet people, who made a decisive contribution to the liberation of Europe from fascism,” Itar-Tass news agency quoted him as saying.

Thinking of Taking a Car Trip in Russia? Maybe you’d Better think Again . . .

Thinking of Taking a Car Trip in Russia? Maybe you’d Better think Again . . .

Thinking of Taking a Car Trip in Russia? Maybe you’d Better think Again . . .

Thinking of Taking a Car Trip in Russia? Maybe you’d Better think Again . . .

Thinking of Taking a Car Trip in Russia? Maybe you’d Better think Again . . .